Clean_Video_Games_Data <- read.csv2("Clean_Video_Games_Data.csv")

## Create a Co-Developer column
Clean_Video_Games_Data <- separate(Clean_Video_Games_Data, Developer, c("Developer", "Co_Developer"), sep = ",")
## Warning: Expected 2 pieces. Additional pieces discarded in 13 rows [1292,
## 1627, 2760, 4126, 4183, 4675, 6203, 6426, 6506, 6571, 6581, 6895, 6948].
## Warning: Expected 2 pieces. Missing pieces filled with `NA` in 6638
## rows [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20,
## 21, ...].
## Make count column for Developer
Clean_Video_Games_Data$Developer <- as.character(Clean_Video_Games_Data$Developer)
Clean_Video_Games_Data$Dev_Count <- as.numeric(ave(Clean_Video_Games_Data$Developer, Clean_Video_Games_Data$Developer, FUN = length))

## Create a new Developer column that shows which developers have only made 10 or fewer games
Larger_devs <- Clean_Video_Games_Data %>% count(Developer) %>% filter(n >= 10)
## Warning: package 'bindrcpp' was built under R version 3.4.4
Clean_Video_Games_Data <- Clean_Video_Games_Data %>% mutate(Mod_Developer = ifelse(Developer %in% Larger_devs$Developer, Developer, "Small/New Developer"))

## set seed
set.seed(8)

## Split data into testing and training
split <- sample.split(Clean_Video_Games_Data$Global_Sales, SplitRatio = 0.8)
Games_Train <- subset(Clean_Video_Games_Data, split == TRUE)
Games_Test <- subset(Clean_Video_Games_Data, split == FALSE)

## Manual Selection
Games_Mod <- lm(Global_Sales ~ Genre + Critic_Score + User_Score + Rating + Top_20_Devs, data = Games_Train)
summary(Games_Mod)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ Genre + Critic_Score + User_Score + 
##     Rating + Top_20_Devs, data = Games_Train)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -5.0819 -0.5400 -0.1963  0.2181 30.7825 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       -0.972686   0.133770  -7.271 4.04e-13 ***
## GenreAdventure    -0.371548   0.116990  -3.176 0.001502 ** 
## GenreFighting      0.102658   0.101145   1.015 0.310166    
## GenreMisc          0.361259   0.100718   3.587 0.000338 ***
## GenrePlatform     -0.096608   0.101828  -0.949 0.342797    
## GenrePuzzle       -0.495902   0.163937  -3.025 0.002498 ** 
## GenreRacing        0.002689   0.089383   0.030 0.976005    
## GenreRole-Playing -0.126585   0.078845  -1.605 0.108443    
## GenreShooter      -0.128317   0.075323  -1.704 0.088519 .  
## GenreSimulation   -0.021264   0.112655  -0.189 0.850290    
## GenreSports       -0.117807   0.083216  -1.416 0.156924    
## GenreStrategy     -0.487079   0.119517  -4.075 4.66e-05 ***
## Critic_Score       0.029891   0.001929  15.499  < 2e-16 ***
## User_Score        -0.043602   0.018510  -2.356 0.018528 *  
## RatingE10+        -0.184743   0.073088  -2.528 0.011509 *  
## RatingM            0.028229   0.077612   0.364 0.716077    
## RatingT           -0.250185   0.063581  -3.935 8.42e-05 ***
## Top_20_Devs        3.618408   0.102126  35.431  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.572 on 5662 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.2666, Adjusted R-squared:  0.2644 
## F-statistic: 121.1 on 17 and 5662 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# There are possibly better methods of model selection that are done automatically

## Set the scope of the model fit

MaxFit <- lm(log(Global_Sales) ~ Genre + Critic_Score + User_Score + Mod_Developer + Dev_Count + Rating + Top_20_Devs + Platform, data = Games_Train)
FitStart <- lm(log(Global_Sales) ~ 1, data = Games_Train)

## Forward selection
Forward_mod <- step(FitStart, direction = "forward", scope = formula(MaxFit))
## Start:  AIC=3993.71
## log(Global_Sales) ~ 1
## 
##                  Df Sum of Sq     RSS    AIC
## + Critic_Score    1   1650.04  9819.8 3113.5
## + Mod_Developer 179   2218.63  9251.2 3130.7
## + Platform       16   1646.24  9823.6 3145.7
## + Top_20_Devs     1   1024.93 10444.9 3464.0
## + Dev_Count       1    446.44 11023.4 3770.2
## + Genre          11    440.42 11029.4 3793.3
## + User_Score      1    345.21 11124.6 3822.1
## + Rating          3    112.94 11356.9 3943.5
## <none>                        11469.8 3993.7
## 
## Step:  AIC=3113.49
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score
## 
##                  Df Sum of Sq    RSS    AIC
## + Platform       16   2135.18 7684.6 1752.9
## + Mod_Developer 179   1415.44 8404.3 2587.4
## + Top_20_Devs     1    636.29 9183.5 2735.0
## + Genre          11    454.83 9364.9 2866.1
## + Dev_Count       1    187.09 9632.7 3006.2
## + Rating          3     64.13 9755.6 3082.3
## + User_Score      1     38.82 9780.9 3093.0
## <none>                        9819.8 3113.5
## 
## Step:  AIC=1752.87
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform
## 
##                  Df Sum of Sq    RSS    AIC
## + Mod_Developer 179   1297.10 6387.5 1060.8
## + Top_20_Devs     1    564.68 7119.9 1321.4
## + Genre          11    198.08 7486.5 1626.5
## + Dev_Count       1     91.22 7593.4 1687.0
## + User_Score      1     82.66 7601.9 1693.4
## + Rating          3     69.92 7614.7 1707.0
## <none>                        7684.6 1752.9
## 
## Step:  AIC=1060.78
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer
## 
##               Df Sum of Sq    RSS     AIC
## + Top_20_Devs  1   246.037 6141.5  839.67
## + Genre       11   156.290 6231.2  942.07
## + Rating       3    79.084 6308.4  996.01
## + Dev_Count    1    54.859 6332.6 1013.78
## + User_Score   1    37.643 6349.8 1029.20
## <none>                     6387.5 1060.78
## 
## Step:  AIC=839.67
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer + 
##     Top_20_Devs
## 
##              Df Sum of Sq    RSS    AIC
## + Genre      11   140.057 6001.4 730.63
## + Rating      3    60.765 6080.7 789.19
## + Dev_Count   1    37.172 6104.3 807.18
## + User_Score  1    28.484 6113.0 815.26
## <none>                    6141.5 839.67
## 
## Step:  AIC=730.63
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer + 
##     Top_20_Devs + Genre
## 
##              Df Sum of Sq    RSS    AIC
## + Rating      3    62.208 5939.2 677.45
## + Dev_Count   1    33.309 5968.1 701.02
## + User_Score  1    24.736 5976.7 709.17
## <none>                    6001.4 730.63
## 
## Step:  AIC=677.45
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer + 
##     Top_20_Devs + Genre + Rating
## 
##              Df Sum of Sq    RSS    AIC
## + Dev_Count   1    32.428 5906.8 648.35
## + User_Score  1    23.894 5915.3 656.55
## <none>                    5939.2 677.45
## 
## Step:  AIC=648.35
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer + 
##     Top_20_Devs + Genre + Rating + Dev_Count
## 
##              Df Sum of Sq    RSS    AIC
## + User_Score  1    22.499 5884.3 628.68
## <none>                    5906.8 648.35
## 
## Step:  AIC=628.68
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer + 
##     Top_20_Devs + Genre + Rating + Dev_Count + User_Score
summary(Forward_mod)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = log(Global_Sales) ~ Critic_Score + Platform + Mod_Developer + 
##     Top_20_Devs + Genre + Rating + Dev_Count + User_Score, data = Games_Train)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.7221 -0.6458 -0.0051  0.6774  4.3332 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                              Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                 -4.821451   0.373445 -12.911
## Critic_Score                                 0.038705   0.001517  25.509
## PlatformDC                                  -0.724818   0.345082  -2.100
## PlatformDS                                   0.108702   0.105834   1.027
## PlatformGBA                                 -0.258282   0.118955  -2.171
## PlatformGC                                  -0.526724   0.111604  -4.720
## PlatformPC                                  -1.654999   0.105801 -15.643
## PlatformPS                                   0.472803   0.137227   3.445
## PlatformPS2                                  0.351234   0.099963   3.514
## PlatformPS3                                  0.469702   0.101629   4.622
## PlatformPS4                                 -0.124301   0.118836  -1.046
## PlatformPSP                                 -0.026794   0.108788  -0.246
## PlatformPSV                                 -0.534807   0.144002  -3.714
## PlatformWii                                  0.518366   0.105525   4.912
## PlatformWiiU                                -0.308727   0.150468  -2.052
## PlatformX360                                 0.363034   0.101035   3.593
## PlatformXB                                  -0.514717   0.106389  -4.838
## PlatformXOne                                -0.350937   0.133578  -2.627
## Mod_Developer3DO                             0.216794   0.429715   0.505
## Mod_Developer7 Studios                       0.816198   0.497823   1.640
## Mod_Developer989 Sports                      0.869269   0.465999   1.865
## Mod_DeveloperAcclaim                         0.133395   0.410874   0.325
## Mod_DeveloperAcclaim Studios Cheltenham      0.477737   0.482145   0.991
## Mod_DeveloperAcquire                         0.410943   0.470487   0.873
## Mod_DeveloperActivision                      0.430301   0.448489   0.959
## Mod_DeveloperAmaze Entertainment             0.821463   0.452943   1.814
## Mod_DeveloperArc System Works               -1.465821   0.428492  -3.421
## Mod_DeveloperArgonaut Games                  0.415023   0.441551   0.940
## Mod_DeveloperArtificial Mind and Movement   -0.270379   0.441455  -0.612
## Mod_DeveloperAsobo Studio                    0.656402   0.479976   1.368
## Mod_DeveloperAtlus                           0.385503   0.462104   0.834
## Mod_DeveloperAvalanche Software              1.347604   0.435261   3.096
## Mod_DeveloperBackbone Entertainment          0.251272   0.420715   0.597
## Mod_DeveloperBandai                          0.557980   0.481473   1.159
## Mod_DeveloperBandai Namco Games              0.746117   0.421664   1.769
## Mod_DeveloperBeenox                         -0.125682   0.431312  -0.291
## Mod_DeveloperBioWare                         1.027695   0.421100   2.441
## Mod_DeveloperBizarre Creations               0.983529   0.515480   1.908
## Mod_DeveloperBlack Box                       0.854106   0.448870   1.903
## Mod_DeveloperBlitz Games                     0.593216   0.442529   1.341
## Mod_DeveloperBlizzard Entertainment          2.544039   0.424995   5.986
## Mod_DeveloperBlue Castle Games               0.158100   0.454164   0.348
## Mod_DeveloperBlue Tongue Entertainment       0.284227   0.458113   0.620
## Mod_DeveloperBugbear                        -0.079049   0.471313  -0.168
## Mod_DeveloperCapcom                         -5.017267   1.136586  -4.414
## Mod_DeveloperCavia Inc.                      0.962951   0.481860   1.998
## Mod_DeveloperCity Interactive                1.443816   0.498623   2.896
## Mod_DeveloperClimax Group                   -0.800157   0.432168  -1.851
## Mod_DeveloperCodemasters                    -2.005508   0.549127  -3.652
## Mod_DeveloperCompile Heart                   0.121909   0.542215   0.225
## Mod_DeveloperCreative Assembly               1.296982   0.441308   2.939
## Mod_DeveloperCriterion Games                 0.129591   0.418809   0.309
## Mod_DeveloperCrystal Dynamics                0.125511   0.427254   0.294
## Mod_DeveloperCrytek                          1.405964   0.516713   2.721
## Mod_DeveloperCyberConnect2                   0.487295   0.431045   1.130
## Mod_DeveloperDigital Eclipse                 0.834177   0.431979   1.931
## Mod_DeveloperDigital Extremes                0.756256   0.573114   1.320
## Mod_DeveloperDigital Illusions               1.155327   0.495861   2.330
## Mod_DeveloperDimps Corporation               0.760696   0.414525   1.835
## Mod_DeveloperDouble Helix Games              0.478377   0.437405   1.094
## Mod_DeveloperEA Black Box                    1.759411   0.571089   3.081
## Mod_DeveloperEA Bright Light                 0.664633   0.422700   1.572
## Mod_DeveloperEA Canada                      -6.123657   1.362858  -4.493
## Mod_DeveloperEA DICE                        -0.320741   0.424985  -0.755
## Mod_DeveloperEA Games                        0.613236   0.425141   1.442
## Mod_DeveloperEA LA                           1.479308   0.442932   3.340
## Mod_DeveloperEA Redwood Shores               0.829739   0.416397   1.993
## Mod_DeveloperEA Sports                      -5.577759   1.300879  -4.288
## Mod_DeveloperEA Tiburon                     -2.635909   0.774228  -3.405
## Mod_DeveloperEdge of Reality                 1.048394   0.441175   2.376
## Mod_DeveloperElectronic Arts                -1.623234   0.636076  -2.552
## Mod_DeveloperEpic Games                      0.730175   0.436110   1.674
## Mod_DeveloperEurocom Entertainment Software -0.288974   0.456850  -0.633
## Mod_DeveloperEutechnyx                      -0.328534   0.450791  -0.729
## Mod_DeveloperExient Entertainment           -0.139203   0.415629  -0.335
## Mod_DeveloperFiraxis Games                   1.411719   0.487215   2.898
## Mod_DeveloperFree Radical Design             0.657098   0.497748   1.320
## Mod_DeveloperFreeStyleGames                  0.851268   0.500345   1.701
## Mod_DeveloperFrom Software                  -0.796086   0.467112  -1.704
## Mod_DeveloperFrontier Developments           1.321432   0.521405   2.534
## Mod_DeveloperFUN Labs                        0.512297   0.455437   1.125
## Mod_DeveloperGaijin Entertainment            0.073467   0.482808   0.152
## Mod_DeveloperGame Arts                       0.560749   0.436284   1.285
## Mod_DeveloperGame Republic                   0.813176   0.515999   1.576
## Mod_DeveloperGearbox Software                0.102558   0.431928   0.237
## Mod_DeveloperGrasshopper Manufacture        -0.073521   0.449083  -0.164
## Mod_DeveloperGriptonite Games                0.848609   0.421910   2.011
## Mod_DeveloperGust                            0.042619   0.442780   0.096
## Mod_DeveloperHaemimont                       1.059319   0.483063   2.193
## Mod_DeveloperHAL Labs                        2.321605   0.450380   5.155
## Mod_DeveloperHarmonix Music Systems         -0.319058   0.441221  -0.723
## Mod_DeveloperHB Studios Multimedia           0.702884   0.466957   1.505
## Mod_DeveloperHeavy Iron Studios              1.255595   0.419199   2.995
## Mod_DeveloperHigh Moon Studios               0.630593   0.468236   1.347
## Mod_DeveloperHigh Voltage Software          -0.196754   0.436630  -0.451
## Mod_DeveloperHudson                          2.014744   0.471498   4.273
## Mod_DeveloperHudson Soft                     0.743030   0.481365   1.544
## Mod_Developerid Software                     1.026329   0.482573   2.127
## Mod_DeveloperInfinity Ward                   0.701116   0.433665   1.617
## Mod_DeveloperIntelligent Systems             1.438534   0.433801   3.316
## Mod_DeveloperIo Interactive                  0.261330   0.415619   0.629
## Mod_DeveloperKCEJ                            0.907157   0.482738   1.879
## Mod_DeveloperKCET                            0.081478   0.415301   0.196
## Mod_DeveloperKoei                           -0.954234   0.444859  -2.145
## Mod_DeveloperKojima Productions              0.917043   0.458894   1.998
## Mod_DeveloperKonami                         -3.766545   0.890840  -4.228
## Mod_DeveloperKrome Studios                   0.369994   0.420942   0.879
## Mod_DeveloperKush Games                     -0.056076   0.415765  -0.135
## Mod_DeveloperLevel 5                         0.559908   0.453721   1.234
## Mod_DeveloperLucasArts                       0.931628   0.421388   2.211
## Mod_DeveloperMass Media                      0.868374   0.443021   1.960
## Mod_DeveloperMaxis                           0.492570   0.463906   1.062
## Mod_DeveloperMicrosoft Game Studios          1.224773   0.479421   2.555
## Mod_DeveloperMidway                         -0.922013   0.483283  -1.908
## Mod_DeveloperMilestone S.r.l                -0.469288   0.429215  -1.093
## Mod_DeveloperMonolith Productions            0.644372   0.516468   1.248
## Mod_Developern-Space                         1.271083   0.482314   2.635
## Mod_DeveloperNamco                          -1.052372   0.537020  -1.960
## Mod_DeveloperNamco Bandai Games              0.438006   0.419319   1.045
## Mod_DeveloperNatsume                         0.273747   0.482974   0.567
## Mod_DeveloperNaughty Dog                     0.906416   0.462749   1.959
## Mod_DeveloperNeverland                       0.199672   0.470741   0.424
## Mod_DeveloperNeversoft Entertainment         0.016071   0.473062   0.034
## Mod_DeveloperNext Level Games                0.570713   0.432389   1.320
## Mod_DeveloperNintendo                       -2.145808   0.699512  -3.068
## Mod_DeveloperNippon Ichi Software           -0.543214   0.418487  -1.298
## Mod_DeveloperNow Production                  0.591223   0.515724   1.146
## Mod_DeveloperObsidian Entertainment          0.661517   0.451521   1.465
## Mod_DeveloperOmega Force                    -2.136621   0.653171  -3.271
## Mod_DeveloperPage 44 Studios                 0.472514   0.570974   0.828
## Mod_DeveloperPandemic Studios                1.516349   0.468751   3.235
## Mod_DeveloperParadigm Entertainment          0.832830   0.458279   1.817
## Mod_DeveloperPipeworks Software              0.794566   0.497860   1.596
## Mod_DeveloperPivotal Games                   0.900667   0.517506   1.740
## Mod_DeveloperPlatinumGames                   0.301789   0.420218   0.718
## Mod_DeveloperPoint of View                   0.344073   0.456276   0.754
## Mod_DeveloperPopCap                          0.616819   0.444178   1.389
## Mod_DeveloperRacjin                          0.546331   0.457993   1.193
## Mod_DeveloperRadical Entertainment          -0.246611   0.435914  -0.566
## Mod_DeveloperRainbow Studios                 0.351034   0.416091   0.844
## Mod_DeveloperRare Ltd.                       1.161193   0.435114   2.669
## Mod_DeveloperRaven Software                  0.666338   0.442505   1.506
## Mod_DeveloperRebellion                      -0.760325   0.432464  -1.758
## Mod_DeveloperRed Storm Entertainment         1.411472   0.481878   2.929
## Mod_DeveloperRelic                           0.689889   0.462179   1.493
## Mod_DeveloperRockstar North                  0.887016   0.473963   1.871
## Mod_DeveloperRockstar San Diego              1.204518   0.434607   2.772
## Mod_DeveloperRocksteady Studios              1.695834   0.449820   3.770
## Mod_DeveloperSCE Japan Studio                0.014568   0.459987   0.032
## Mod_DeveloperSCEA                            0.641841   0.447839   1.433
## Mod_DeveloperSCEA San Diego Studios         -0.095620   0.411622  -0.232
## Mod_DeveloperSCEE London Studio              0.858814   0.438986   1.956
## Mod_DeveloperSega                           -0.315615   0.436679  -0.723
## Mod_DeveloperShaba Games                     0.812487   0.479266   1.695
## Mod_DeveloperShiny Entertainment             2.245309   0.516870   4.344
## Mod_DeveloperSmall/New Developer             1.029919   0.342049   3.011
## Mod_DeveloperSNK Playmore                   -0.521890   0.440224  -1.186
## Mod_DeveloperSonic Team                      0.562922   0.452423   1.244
## Mod_DeveloperSpark Unlimited                 0.903889   0.482735   1.872
## Mod_DeveloperSpike                           0.267355   0.427736   0.625
## Mod_DeveloperSpike Chunsoft                  0.320984   0.484926   0.662
## Mod_DeveloperSquare Enix                    -0.153360   0.473120  -0.324
## Mod_DeveloperSquareSoft                      2.127125   0.448790   4.740
## Mod_DeveloperStarbreeze                      0.042302   0.469487   0.090
## Mod_DeveloperSting                           0.079156   0.460821   0.172
## Mod_DeveloperSumo Digital                    0.590201   0.479138   1.232
## Mod_DeveloperTaito Corporation              -0.347651   0.444162  -0.783
## Mod_DeveloperTeam 17                        -0.300027   0.423301  -0.709
## Mod_DeveloperTeam Ninja                      0.350670   0.430691   0.814
## Mod_DeveloperTechland                        0.420867   0.438805   0.959
## Mod_DeveloperTecmo                          -0.433510   0.424345  -1.022
## Mod_DeveloperTerminal Reality               -0.269032   0.423364  -0.635
## Mod_DeveloperTHQ                            -0.027373   0.415571  -0.066
## Mod_DeveloperTOSE                            0.370513   0.440790   0.841
## Mod_DeveloperToys for Bob                    0.802499   0.423612   1.894
## Mod_DeveloperTraveller's Tales              -1.113727   0.614791  -1.812
## Mod_DeveloperTreasure                       -0.013219   0.573464  -0.023
## Mod_DeveloperTreyarch                       -1.689455   0.490695  -3.443
## Mod_DeveloperTri-Ace                         1.138239   0.518214   2.196
## Mod_DeveloperTT Games                        0.034027   0.467581   0.073
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft                        -3.551547   0.958399  -3.706
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Montpellier             0.647439   0.437449   1.480
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Montreal               -2.352332   0.766611  -3.068
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Paris                   1.090768   0.451250   2.417
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Quebec                  0.676174   0.448867   1.506
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Romania                 0.489537   0.470336   1.041
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Shanghai                0.021206   0.419911   0.051
## Mod_DeveloperValve Software                  1.730385   0.470698   3.676
## Mod_DeveloperVicarious Visions              -1.136389   0.571579  -1.988
## Mod_DeveloperVicious Cycle                   0.240033   0.441084   0.544
## Mod_DeveloperVisceral Games                  1.187539   0.496611   2.391
## Mod_DeveloperVisual Concepts                -1.884367   0.621743  -3.031
## Mod_DeveloperVolition Inc.                   0.211179   0.443183   0.477
## Mod_DeveloperWayForward                     -0.387117   0.451615  -0.857
## Mod_DeveloperYuke's                         -0.346101   0.489976  -0.706
## Mod_DeveloperZ-Axis                          0.496822   0.446886   1.112
## Mod_DeveloperZoe Mode                        0.675052   0.470124   1.436
## Top_20_Devs                                  1.654068   0.123985  13.341
## GenreAdventure                              -0.436976   0.080584  -5.423
## GenreFighting                                0.192197   0.078488   2.449
## GenreMisc                                    0.171684   0.077402   2.218
## GenrePlatform                               -0.079656   0.071741  -1.110
## GenrePuzzle                                 -0.625249   0.115491  -5.414
## GenreRacing                                  0.087920   0.070076   1.255
## GenreRole-Playing                           -0.125645   0.062124  -2.022
## GenreShooter                                 0.006197   0.056399   0.110
## GenreSimulation                              0.202928   0.084369   2.405
## GenreSports                                 -0.118349   0.068297  -1.733
## GenreStrategy                               -0.424133   0.091338  -4.644
## RatingE10+                                  -0.229679   0.052682  -4.360
## RatingM                                      0.113837   0.060019   1.897
## RatingT                                     -0.160613   0.048121  -3.338
## Dev_Count                                    0.048890   0.009106   5.369
## User_Score                                  -0.063115   0.013806  -4.572
##                                             Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                  < 2e-16 ***
## Critic_Score                                 < 2e-16 ***
## PlatformDC                                  0.035737 *  
## PlatformDS                                  0.304419    
## PlatformGBA                                 0.029955 *  
## PlatformGC                                  2.42e-06 ***
## PlatformPC                                   < 2e-16 ***
## PlatformPS                                  0.000574 ***
## PlatformPS2                                 0.000446 ***
## PlatformPS3                                 3.89e-06 ***
## PlatformPS4                                 0.295611    
## PlatformPSP                                 0.805465    
## PlatformPSV                                 0.000206 ***
## PlatformWii                                 9.27e-07 ***
## PlatformWiiU                                0.040239 *  
## PlatformX360                                0.000330 ***
## PlatformXB                                  1.35e-06 ***
## PlatformXOne                                0.008633 ** 
## Mod_Developer3DO                            0.613927    
## Mod_Developer7 Studios                      0.101160    
## Mod_Developer989 Sports                     0.062180 .  
## Mod_DeveloperAcclaim                        0.745450    
## Mod_DeveloperAcclaim Studios Cheltenham     0.321799    
## Mod_DeveloperAcquire                        0.382460    
## Mod_DeveloperActivision                     0.337376    
## Mod_DeveloperAmaze Entertainment            0.069792 .  
## Mod_DeveloperArc System Works               0.000629 ***
## Mod_DeveloperArgonaut Games                 0.347299    
## Mod_DeveloperArtificial Mind and Movement   0.540251    
## Mod_DeveloperAsobo Studio                   0.171502    
## Mod_DeveloperAtlus                          0.404185    
## Mod_DeveloperAvalanche Software             0.001971 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperBackbone Entertainment         0.550365    
## Mod_DeveloperBandai                         0.246547    
## Mod_DeveloperBandai Namco Games             0.076873 .  
## Mod_DeveloperBeenox                         0.770760    
## Mod_DeveloperBioWare                        0.014698 *  
## Mod_DeveloperBizarre Creations              0.056445 .  
## Mod_DeveloperBlack Box                      0.057120 .  
## Mod_DeveloperBlitz Games                    0.180134    
## Mod_DeveloperBlizzard Entertainment         2.29e-09 ***
## Mod_DeveloperBlue Castle Games              0.727769    
## Mod_DeveloperBlue Tongue Entertainment      0.535000    
## Mod_DeveloperBugbear                        0.866810    
## Mod_DeveloperCapcom                         1.03e-05 ***
## Mod_DeveloperCavia Inc.                     0.045722 *  
## Mod_DeveloperCity Interactive               0.003799 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperClimax Group                   0.064152 .  
## Mod_DeveloperCodemasters                    0.000262 ***
## Mod_DeveloperCompile Heart                  0.822116    
## Mod_DeveloperCreative Assembly              0.003307 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperCriterion Games                0.757008    
## Mod_DeveloperCrystal Dynamics               0.768950    
## Mod_DeveloperCrytek                         0.006530 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperCyberConnect2                  0.258317    
## Mod_DeveloperDigital Eclipse                0.053527 .  
## Mod_DeveloperDigital Extremes               0.187039    
## Mod_DeveloperDigital Illusions              0.019846 *  
## Mod_DeveloperDimps Corporation              0.066545 .  
## Mod_DeveloperDouble Helix Games             0.274148    
## Mod_DeveloperEA Black Box                   0.002075 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperEA Bright Light                0.115927    
## Mod_DeveloperEA Canada                      7.16e-06 ***
## Mod_DeveloperEA DICE                        0.450455    
## Mod_DeveloperEA Games                       0.149238    
## Mod_DeveloperEA LA                          0.000844 ***
## Mod_DeveloperEA Redwood Shores              0.046348 *  
## Mod_DeveloperEA Sports                      1.84e-05 ***
## Mod_DeveloperEA Tiburon                     0.000667 ***
## Mod_DeveloperEdge of Reality                0.017518 *  
## Mod_DeveloperElectronic Arts                0.010739 *  
## Mod_DeveloperEpic Games                     0.094131 .  
## Mod_DeveloperEurocom Entertainment Software 0.527063    
## Mod_DeveloperEutechnyx                      0.466159    
## Mod_DeveloperExient Entertainment           0.737697    
## Mod_DeveloperFiraxis Games                  0.003776 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperFree Radical Design            0.186843    
## Mod_DeveloperFreeStyleGames                 0.088932 .  
## Mod_DeveloperFrom Software                  0.088387 .  
## Mod_DeveloperFrontier Developments          0.011293 *  
## Mod_DeveloperFUN Labs                       0.260703    
## Mod_DeveloperGaijin Entertainment           0.879062    
## Mod_DeveloperGame Arts                      0.198748    
## Mod_DeveloperGame Republic                  0.115101    
## Mod_DeveloperGearbox Software               0.812322    
## Mod_DeveloperGrasshopper Manufacture        0.869962    
## Mod_DeveloperGriptonite Games               0.044337 *  
## Mod_DeveloperGust                           0.923323    
## Mod_DeveloperHaemimont                      0.028355 *  
## Mod_DeveloperHAL Labs                       2.63e-07 ***
## Mod_DeveloperHarmonix Music Systems         0.469634    
## Mod_DeveloperHB Studios Multimedia          0.132320    
## Mod_DeveloperHeavy Iron Studios             0.002755 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperHigh Moon Studios              0.178119    
## Mod_DeveloperHigh Voltage Software          0.652282    
## Mod_DeveloperHudson                         1.96e-05 ***
## Mod_DeveloperHudson Soft                    0.122746    
## Mod_Developerid Software                    0.033483 *  
## Mod_DeveloperInfinity Ward                  0.105996    
## Mod_DeveloperIntelligent Systems            0.000919 ***
## Mod_DeveloperIo Interactive                 0.529524    
## Mod_DeveloperKCEJ                           0.060272 .  
## Mod_DeveloperKCET                           0.844469    
## Mod_DeveloperKoei                           0.031995 *  
## Mod_DeveloperKojima Productions             0.045725 *  
## Mod_DeveloperKonami                         2.40e-05 ***
## Mod_DeveloperKrome Studios                  0.379458    
## Mod_DeveloperKush Games                     0.892716    
## Mod_DeveloperLevel 5                        0.217242    
## Mod_DeveloperLucasArts                      0.027087 *  
## Mod_DeveloperMass Media                     0.050032 .  
## Mod_DeveloperMaxis                          0.288379    
## Mod_DeveloperMicrosoft Game Studios         0.010655 *  
## Mod_DeveloperMidway                         0.056468 .  
## Mod_DeveloperMilestone S.r.l                0.274282    
## Mod_DeveloperMonolith Productions           0.212212    
## Mod_Developern-Space                        0.008428 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperNamco                          0.050087 .  
## Mod_DeveloperNamco Bandai Games             0.296271    
## Mod_DeveloperNatsume                        0.570877    
## Mod_DeveloperNaughty Dog                    0.050191 .  
## Mod_DeveloperNeverland                      0.671462    
## Mod_DeveloperNeversoft Entertainment        0.972901    
## Mod_DeveloperNext Level Games               0.186922    
## Mod_DeveloperNintendo                       0.002169 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperNippon Ichi Software           0.194327    
## Mod_DeveloperNow Production                 0.251682    
## Mod_DeveloperObsidian Entertainment         0.142955    
## Mod_DeveloperOmega Force                    0.001078 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperPage 44 Studios                0.407957    
## Mod_DeveloperPandemic Studios               0.001224 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperParadigm Entertainment         0.069226 .  
## Mod_DeveloperPipeworks Software             0.110555    
## Mod_DeveloperPivotal Games                  0.081846 .  
## Mod_DeveloperPlatinumGames                  0.472681    
## Mod_DeveloperPoint of View                  0.450827    
## Mod_DeveloperPopCap                         0.164988    
## Mod_DeveloperRacjin                         0.232967    
## Mod_DeveloperRadical Entertainment          0.571599    
## Mod_DeveloperRainbow Studios                0.398904    
## Mod_DeveloperRare Ltd.                      0.007637 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperRaven Software                 0.132168    
## Mod_DeveloperRebellion                      0.078782 .  
## Mod_DeveloperRed Storm Entertainment        0.003413 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperRelic                          0.135577    
## Mod_DeveloperRockstar North                 0.061331 .  
## Mod_DeveloperRockstar San Diego             0.005599 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperRocksteady Studios             0.000165 ***
## Mod_DeveloperSCE Japan Studio               0.974737    
## Mod_DeveloperSCEA                           0.151859    
## Mod_DeveloperSCEA San Diego Studios         0.816314    
## Mod_DeveloperSCEE London Studio             0.050474 .  
## Mod_DeveloperSega                           0.469857    
## Mod_DeveloperShaba Games                    0.090080 .  
## Mod_DeveloperShiny Entertainment            1.42e-05 ***
## Mod_DeveloperSmall/New Developer            0.002616 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperSNK Playmore                   0.235867    
## Mod_DeveloperSonic Team                     0.213465    
## Mod_DeveloperSpark Unlimited                0.061200 .  
## Mod_DeveloperSpike                          0.531966    
## Mod_DeveloperSpike Chunsoft                 0.508047    
## Mod_DeveloperSquare Enix                    0.745840    
## Mod_DeveloperSquareSoft                     2.19e-06 ***
## Mod_DeveloperStarbreeze                     0.928210    
## Mod_DeveloperSting                          0.863623    
## Mod_DeveloperSumo Digital                   0.218078    
## Mod_DeveloperTaito Corporation              0.433830    
## Mod_DeveloperTeam 17                        0.478492    
## Mod_DeveloperTeam Ninja                     0.415564    
## Mod_DeveloperTechland                       0.337541    
## Mod_DeveloperTecmo                          0.307016    
## Mod_DeveloperTerminal Reality               0.525153    
## Mod_DeveloperTHQ                            0.947485    
## Mod_DeveloperTOSE                           0.400627    
## Mod_DeveloperToys for Bob                   0.058222 .  
## Mod_DeveloperTraveller's Tales              0.070110 .  
## Mod_DeveloperTreasure                       0.981610    
## Mod_DeveloperTreyarch                       0.000580 ***
## Mod_DeveloperTri-Ace                        0.028100 *  
## Mod_DeveloperTT Games                       0.941990    
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft                        0.000213 ***
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Montpellier            0.138922    
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Montreal               0.002162 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Paris                  0.015672 *  
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Quebec                 0.132021    
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Romania                0.298003    
## Mod_DeveloperUbisoft Shanghai               0.959724    
## Mod_DeveloperValve Software                 0.000239 ***
## Mod_DeveloperVicarious Visions              0.046844 *  
## Mod_DeveloperVicious Cycle                  0.586335    
## Mod_DeveloperVisceral Games                 0.016823 *  
## Mod_DeveloperVisual Concepts                0.002451 ** 
## Mod_DeveloperVolition Inc.                  0.633733    
## Mod_DeveloperWayForward                     0.391381    
## Mod_DeveloperYuke's                         0.479992    
## Mod_DeveloperZ-Axis                         0.266299    
## Mod_DeveloperZoe Mode                       0.151088    
## Top_20_Devs                                  < 2e-16 ***
## GenreAdventure                              6.13e-08 ***
## GenreFighting                               0.014367 *  
## GenreMisc                                   0.026590 *  
## GenrePlatform                               0.266903    
## GenrePuzzle                                 6.43e-08 ***
## GenreRacing                                 0.209662    
## GenreRole-Playing                           0.043173 *  
## GenreShooter                                0.912511    
## GenreSimulation                             0.016195 *  
## GenreSports                                 0.083176 .  
## GenreStrategy                               3.51e-06 ***
## RatingE10+                                  1.33e-05 ***
## RatingM                                     0.057924 .  
## RatingT                                     0.000850 ***
## Dev_Count                                   8.24e-08 ***
## User_Score                                  4.95e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.038 on 5466 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.487,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.467 
## F-statistic: 24.36 on 213 and 5466 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## Backward Selection

Backward_mod <- step(MaxFit, direction = "backward")
## Start:  AIC=628.68
## log(Global_Sales) ~ Genre + Critic_Score + User_Score + Mod_Developer + 
##     Dev_Count + Rating + Top_20_Devs + Platform
## 
##                  Df Sum of Sq    RSS     AIC
## <none>                        5884.3  628.68
## - User_Score      1     22.50 5906.8  648.35
## - Dev_Count       1     31.03 5915.3  656.55
## - Rating          3     60.57 5944.8  680.85
## - Genre          11    134.96 6019.2  735.48
## - Top_20_Devs     1    191.60 6075.9  808.67
## - Mod_Developer 179    880.06 6764.3 1062.36
## - Critic_Score    1    700.49 6584.7 1265.53
## - Platform       16   1829.81 7714.1 2134.62
# Of the three models, the model made with forward selection and backward selection
# are better

## prediction on test set
Games_Test$Predict <- predict(Forward_mod, Games_Test)

## testing and plotting
# make a scatterplot using both the predicted and the actual
Sales_plot <- ggplot(Games_Test, aes(x = Global_Sales, y = Predict, label = Games_Test$Name)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_abline(aes(intercept = 0, slope = 1), color = "blue") +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "red")
ggplotly(Sales_plot)
## make plots of the residuals
residualPlot(Forward_mod)